Sentence patterns and function words

 

mŏu… CERTAIN… (7)

is used to disguise a real name, as in : although the surname Li is revealed, the given name is hidden. can also be followed by a noun as in a certain school, a certain person. 医院 a certain hospital.

 

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

 

人公

 

     

 

cóng…(V)dào… …(V) … FROM … TO… (7)

This construction is used to indicate a sequence of actions. Like the other co-verb constructions, a  … clause is followed by a main verb clause, in this case (V) .

For instance:

      

   学校。

from home

walk to   school.

Walk to school from home.

More examples

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

西

 

 

 

 

 

西

 

     

 

used as a co-verb (7)

A verb in the construction changes the form, situation or direction of the object. A verb in the construction is in complex form. It is usually a verb of method of action plus another element. The elements which can be attached to the main verbs in sentences are:

Resultative complements

我们

应该   力量

放在   工作

we

should  BA strength

put  on  work on

Put our energy into our work.

Directional complements

已经  

    进去 了。

he

already BA book

deliver in go LE

He has already taken the book in.

(complement of degree) constructions

               个工作

作得     

you

             BA  this GE work   

do DE very no good

You didn’t do this job very well.

一下 (or verb)

     

         练习

作一下

please you

again    BA this GE exercise

do  once

Please do this exercise once more.

 

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

 

 

推给

 

 

推给

 

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

yīn… BECAUSE (7)

is short for 因为. A 因为 clause is often followed by a 所以 therefore clause. Both and are placed before subjects or verbs in sentences. Aclause is often followed by  a clause. For instance:

因为         毒品

        毒品

所以       被警察      逮捕

         警察 逮捕

he because use drug 

therefore by police arrested

He was arrested because he had taken drugs.

 

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

个干

 

 

 

 

 

 

个干  

 

     

 

因为

 

 

用中

 

 

所以

 

 

 

3

 

因为 所以 3

 

     

 

BE IN, ON, AT (7)

is used in a formal style of writing and is followed by a time word or place. It is similar to . For instance:

大会

3  16日开始。

meeting

at   March 16       start

The meeting starts on 16 March.

 

Example

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

chūyú…出于 ARISE FROM… (7)

出于 is short for 出自于. It is often placed after a subject and followed by a noun. For instance:

老师     负责,

所以请 你们作这个  练习。

teacher arise from    responsibility,

so      ask you   do this GE exercise

The teacher feels that it is his responsibility to ask you to do this exercise.

 

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

NAMELY (7)

is used to indicate a detailed or specific explanation. The explanation is placed after

. For instance:

中国  改革   政策,

经济      改革  政策   一些成就。

China DE  reform  policy,  

namely 

economic reform policy   have LE some success

China’s reform policy, namely the economic reform policy, has had some success.

 

Example

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

查了

 

 

 

问题

 

 

 

 

可是

 

 

 

本校调查了学生不合法工作问题,许多留学生工作可是不学习的情况

 

     

 

bèi  used as a passive construction (7)

sentences describe how a particular object (abstract or physical) is dealt with or disposed of by somebody or something. The verbs in these constructions take complicated forms. They are verbs of method of action, plus other elements. Most of the elements attached to the main verbs in sentences are similar to those used in the construction:

Resultative complements

力量

   我们放在工作上了。

strength

all     by us      put    work on LE

We have put all our energy into our work.

 

Directional complements

已经         进去了。

book

already by him deliver in go LE

The book has already been taken into (a room) by him.

 

(complement of degree) constructions

  工作

                 

this GE   job       

             by you do DE very no good

This job hasn’t been done very well by you.

 

Time/action measure: 一下 (or verb); 三个星期; 一次; 一遍

   练习

         一遍

This GE exercise

again     by you do LE once

This exercise has been done once more by you.

 

Example

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

 

 

 

击垮

 

击垮 了? 

 

 

Reading tips

 

Would I know the meaning of a sentence if I check every word in dictionaries? (7)

 

When you start reading Chinese newspapers, you will find that there are too many new characters. Looking up new characters in dictionaries can be very tedious. Even if you have checked every character in the article and have made a long vocabulary list, you may still not understand the meaning. That is because you do not know how to group the characters into phrases and sentences.

You should always use your time more efficiently by looking for the so-called “markers”, such as and , which you have learnt in previous lessons.

 

The basic names of Chinese central and local governments and departments. (7)

 

                                                          中华人民共和国

                                                   People’s Republic of China

                                                               中共中央

                                    Chinese Communist Party Central Committee

                                                                 国务院

                                                             State Council

Ministry          

Province

直辖巿

Municipality

别行政

Special Administrative Zone

 

巿              

City           County

              

              District           

 

Words before the above characters in bold can be names of places, and words after these characters can be titles such as , 主任 or 主席 . For example, 安徽省阜阳县长张小明 Zhang Xiaoming, the head of Fuyang County in Anhui province.