Sentence patterns and function words

 

wèi FOR… used as a co-verb (8)

is followed by a noun or V-O pattern to form a co-verb clause. A main verb is often placed after a co-verb clause. For instance:

              

队。

member states

for  this ZHI rapid reaction force

provde army

The member states provide troops for this army.

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

现在

 

中国社会上

 

有些人

 

总是

 

 

工作

 

现在中国社会上有些人总是钱工作。

 

 

 

我们学习汉语

 

提供了

 

很多材料

 

我们学习汉语提供了很多材料。

 

 

yóu…dào…V FROM …TO… (8)

This construction is similar to …V … which creates an idea of distance. could be followed by a time word, number or place word. For instance:

   6               

    8               

from 6 ten thousand people

Increace to   8 ten thousand people

From 60,000 peoplethe number increased to 80,000 people.

 

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

10亿

 

12亿

 

10亿 12亿

 

 

 

 

9 30

 

12 31

 

9 30 12 31

 

     

 

yóu the passive construction (8)

The passive construction with is different from the passive construction with . The construction is unlike the construction, in that the agent cannot be omitted. However, a verb in the construction is a simple one, and unlike the construction, has no attached element. For instance:

 

this CI meeting

by  Health Minister to chair

This meeting is being chaired by the Minister of Public Security.

 

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

Adverbial marker de (8)

The adverbial marker is used to describe the manner in which an action is carried out. For instance:

题。

we

should carefully     discuss

this GE issue

We have to discuss this issue seriously.

 

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

…zhe … construction (8)

The particle is placed after a verb to imply that the action is under way. For instance:

任。

This GE ministry DE leader

bearing       a GE    important responsibility

The head of this ministry bears an important responsibility.

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

jiāng used as a modal verb (8)

can be placed before a main verb or co-verb to indicate that the action will take place in the future. is often used in written Chinese. For instance:

       闻。

today   China

will announce a TIAO important  news

China is about to announce an important piece of news.

Examples

17

 

 

 

 

 

17

 

     

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

     

 

jiāng used as a co-verb (8)

can also be used as a co-verb like . It is often used in written Chinese, but can be used  in both written and colloquial Chinese. All the rules which apply to  also apply to. For instance:

          

     学。

our school

JING most good DE students

send go England study

Our school sends its best students to England to study.

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

50

 

50

 

     

 

jiù  used for emphasis (8)

can be placed before the linking verb to reinforce a statement. For instance:

            文。

our aim

JIU  is to want to master Chinese

Our aim is to learn Chinese well.

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

 

 

计划生育工作是中 的主 一。

 

     

 

 

 

 

 

学过

 

 

是如 学过

 

     

 

suŏ THAT WHICH… (8)

When is used as an adverb and is placed before a verb which is then followed by and a noun, the stress is on the noun. For instance:

  防务    

we

In European defence   SUO take    DE  leading position is…

Our position on European defence, in which we take a leading role, is that

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

 

西

 

 

 

西

 

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

ér YET (8)

is a conjunction and is placed before the second clause of a sentence.

    

     ,

     

UK&US 2 states

both have similar DE views

yet

France DE position

BING not the same

Britain and the US have similar views, but France has a different standpoint.

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

些都 料,

 

     

 

 

ITS, THEIR (8)

The clause is used when its noun has already appeared in the previous clause. For instance:

Chinese govenment

   

carry out anti-drugs campaign

its aim

 is  to want to contral AIDS    DE spread

The Chinese government has launched an anti-drugs campaign. Its aim is to control the spread of AIDS.

Examples

Write down the English translation of the following words and phrasers in the boxes below.

西

 

 

 

 

 

 

在于

 

西

 

西 表讲 西

 

     

 

…quán … …RIGHTS OF… / POWER (8)

human rights

sovereignty

 

Reading tips

 

The following are commonly used abbreviated phrases in newspapers.

= should

= already

= and

= but, yet

= always

= according to