FDTL 46/99

Chinese language skills for Britain: Disseminating Best Practice

Sentence Patterns - Reading Week 4

jīng (guò) 经 (过)clause (4)

经 is short for 经 过 AS A RESULT OF (Lit. TO GO THROUGH, PASS). It is similar to another expression 通 过 tōngguò. The elements which are followed by 经or经 过can be verbs, nouns, or nouns with attributives. Usually these elements or phrases imply sustained actions.

A经or 经 过 clause is often followed by a clause which contains the main verb of the sentence:

经过…

               S

V                               O

经过             努力，

去年           他 

写 完             了   一本   小说  。

as a result of effort,

last year he  

write completed   a BEN novel

After much hard work, he completed his novel last summer.

Examples

经过…

 S

V                               O

经 过 两 年 的 运 动 ，

人 民 群 众

了 解 了                             政 府 的 想 法。

经 过 17个 星 期 的努 力 ，

我 们                        现在

能 看                                      中 文 报 纸 了 。

 Without 经 过 clause the above sentences will be:

搞 了 两 年 运 动 以 后，

人 民 群 众

了 解 了                           政 府 的 想 法。

努 力 了 17个 星 期 以 后 ，

我 们                         现在

能 看                                    中 文 报 纸 了 。

 duì 对 clause (4)

It means TO (THIS)… The 对 clause is used as a co-verb clause in sentences to bring a topic before the verb. Modal verbs such as 应该, 能are placed before the 对clause. For instance:

  S    

            对      topic  

V                           O

我们

应该       对       不    好    的    作风

进行         一   场         政治      运动

we

should DUI no good DE practice        

carry out a CHANG  political movement

We should launch a political campaign to oppose unhealthy work practice.

gāi 该 (4)

该 means THE ABOVE MENTIONED, THE AFOREMENTIONED. It is often followed by a noun. For instance,

云南     大 学 进 行了一 场  反 毒 品 运 动， 该                                               校                  老 师和 学 生 都  …
Yunnan university carried out a chang   anti-drug campaign,        The aforementioned university’s teachers and students all…

Yunnan University carried out an anti-drug campaign. The teachers and students of the aforementioned university are...

Examples

中 国 学 生

都 申 请 了 学 生 签 证 。

持 该 签 证 者

在 英 国 不 准 许 工 作。

很 多 群 众

都 反 对 政 府 的 运 动 。

他 们 说

该 运 动 是 害 国 害 民 的 运 动。

 jì…yĕ… 既 …也…  construction (4)

It means BOTH... AND / AS WELL AS

The clauses in the 既... 也 ... construction are normally parallel in sense. 既 and 也 are placed before verbs or stative verbs.

                                 既

                      也

我们学        的   东西 既不好        学 ,

学了以后        也不能        用。

we   studied DE thing JI  not easy study,

studied after YE cannot use

The things which we learned were not very easy; we cannot even  use them after learning them.

Time word  + 来 SINCE, WITHIN THE LAST… (4)

 

今 年           

来

Since this year

三 年

来

Within the last three years

三个月

来

Within the last three months

 

[ Vocabulary  | Sentence patterns |  Tips |
 | Reading practice || Lesson 4| List of Lessons| Project Homepage]